CGS : Assisted Reproduction

About Assisted Reproduction

Most assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are used to treat infertility. Others are used when there are no fertility problems. Embryo screening or pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, for example, is used in order to prevent the births of children with specific genetic characteristics.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) refers to assisted reproduction procedures in which sperm and eggs are joined outside a woman's body. Women undergoing IVF are given hormonal drugs to promote the development of multiple eggs, which are retrieved with a minor surgical procedure. The eggs are mixed with sperm; one or more of those that fertilize are then transferred to the woman's uterus.

IVF has been in use since 1978 and has resulted in almost four million births worldwide. A number of IVF-related techniques have been introduced since then. Some of these, such as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and commercial gestational surrogacy, raise significant ethical and policy concerns. In the United States alone, the assisted reproduction business is estimated to create over $3 billion in revenues a year.

Research on the risks associated with ART is notoriously inadequate. There have been few follow-up studies either on women who have used ARTs or their children. The United States is also known for having few laws governing assisted reproduction and little oversight of ART facilities.

Woman who Fell Pregnant After Undergoing World's First Successful Womb Transplant has Lost her IVF Baby by Tara Brady, Daily MailMay 15th, 2013A woman who was the first to have a successful womb transplant from a dead donor has had her pregnancy terminated after the embryo showed no heartbeat.

A Note of Caution: Freezing Eggs Is Not a Silver Bullet for Age-Related Infertilityby Miriam Zoll, RH Reality CheckMay 15th, 2013A $4 billion industry is driving public discourse about often unproven discoveries through a lens that focuses attention on the minority of successes rather than the whole messy, complicated story.

There's More to Life Than Freezing Your Eggs[Quotes CGS's Diane Tober]by Jacoba Urist, The AtlanticMay 14th, 2013Suddenly, it seems, everyone is singing the praises of egg freezing as the latest cure for a woman's declining fertility, but it isn't quite the panacea the media would have you believe.

Modesto Woman Gets 5 Years in Prison for Surrogacy Scamby Carlos Saucedo, ABC LocalMay 13th, 2013The owner of a Modesto surrogate agency accused of a $2 million fraud scheme has been sentenced in federal court.

Talking Biopolitics is Back!by Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesMay 13th, 2013A series of live web-based conversations with cutting-edge thinkers on the social meaning of human biotechnologies will be kicking off next week. RSVP now to join the conversations!

Crisis-Burdened Spain and Cyprus are Hot Spots for Women to Sell Their Eggsby Lauren Alix Brown, QuartzMay 10th, 2013Due to permissive laws and cash-strapped young women, Cyprus and Spain have become booming centers of egg donation and in vitro fertilization.

The Big Freezeby Gina Maranto, Biopolitical Times guest contributor, Biopolitical TimesMay 9th, 2013The Wall Street Journal devoted almost two full pages to a piece championing social egg freezing, and gave it a headline that is pure sales.

Baby Sex-Selection Tours Increasingly Popular with Australian Couples Using IVF by Natasha Bita, News.com.auMay 5th, 2013Some couples are taking overseas ''sex tours'' to choose their baby's gender using IVF in foreign fertility clinics.

Nation’s First Egg Bank Deluged With Donorsby Mizuho Aoki, The Japan TimesMay 2nd, 2013Japan's first egg bank does not pay women for their eggs and requires that donors attend multiple consultations prior to giving consent to ensure they understand the health risks and other issues they may face.

Made-to-Order Embryos: You Want to Sell What?!by Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesMay 2nd, 2013The fact that a fertility clinic can own and sell made-to-order embryos for profit raises novel concerns that should not be collapsed into predefined frameworks used to assess other assisted reproductive technologies.

California Lawmakers Consider Paying Women to Provide Eggs for Researchby Diane Tober, Biopolitical TimesMay 2nd, 2013A new bill claims to be motivated by concerns for women’s equity and for advancing responsible medical research, but in fact undermines both.

Cracked Open: New Book Looks at Fertility and Reproductive Technologyby Rachel, Our Bodies Our BlogApril 30th, 2013Just out: A new book by award-winning writer and international public health and reproductive rights advocate Miriam Zoll, Cracked Open: Liberty, Fertility and the Pursuit of High Tech Babies.

“World's First GM Babies Born”: 12-Year-Old Article Continues to Cause Confusionby Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesApril 25th, 2013An undated Daily Mail article that is actually over a decade old continues to spread misinformation about human genetic modification.

The Baby Blueprint [VIDEO][With CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]Al Jazeera EnglishApril 22nd, 2013Would you choose your child's genetic potential? Live debate with Marcy Darnovsky, Stuart Newman, Julian Savulescu, and Nita Farahany.

Nuffield Report: Parents Should Decide Whether or Not to 'Tell'by Wybo Dondorp, BioNewsApril 22nd, 2013A new report from the Nuffield Council on Bioethics says it's usually, but not always, better for parents to tell a child that he or she was donor conceived.

That “Pernicious” Notion of the “Best Interests of the Child”by Michael Cook, BioEdgeApril 20th, 2013A Harvard Law School bioethicist argues that “the best interests of the child” is not a concept which is applicable to assisted reproductive technology.

Surrogacy: Joyful, Frightening, Always Riskyby Suzanne Rico, The AtlanticApril 17th, 2013The story of two families who had babies via surrogate, with very different experiences.

Egg Freezing: WTF?*[Op-Ed]by Lynn M. Morgan and Janelle S. Taylor, The Feminist WireApril 14th, 2013Egg freezing is invasive, dangerous, unregulated, and insanely expensive. Worse, it isn’t a social solution, so it cannot address the social causes that make it so difficult to balance career and family.

IVF And The Legacy Of Its Inventors[Quotes CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by John Farrell, ForbesApril 12th, 201335 years after Robert G. Edwards co-developed in-vitro fertilization, the assisted reproduction industry in the US remains controversial.

Lord Robert Winston Warning Over Child ‘Eugenics’ by Lyndsay Buckland, ScotsmanApril 11th, 2013A leading fertility expert warns that reproductive technologies could enable a form of eugenics with serious implications for the individuals involved and society in general.

Made-to-Order Embryos for Sale — A Brave New World?by I. Glenn Cohen and Eli Y. Adashi, The New England Journal of MedicineApril 10th, 2013The proliferation of sperm and egg banks has opened the door to a made-to-order embryo industry in which embryos are generated with a commercial transaction in mind.

Baby Boom: Indian Women Giving Birth to U.S. Babiesby Holly Williams, CBS NewsApril 10th, 2013A lot of businesses go to India for inexpensive labor and it turns out American couples are doing the same. One village has become a center for cut-rate surrogacy, offering young women who will be carrying babies to term.

Surrogacy flourishes despite crackdownby Zhang Wen, Global TimesApril 7th, 2013Beijing officials shut down an illegal - and lucrative - surrogacy agency in Beijing last month, but the practice continues.

Three-Parent Children in UK Possible After HFEA Report[Quotes the Center for Genetics and Society]by Michael Cook, BioEdgeApril 6th, 2013The UK fertility regulator's report to the government misrepresented its own findings about public opinion.

Sofia Vergara Freezing Her [Perfect, Perfect, Perfect] Eggsby Diane Tober, Biopolitical TimesApril 4th, 2013Several celebrities have announced they’re doing it. But social egg freezing is nothing to be taken lightly.

Should researchers pay for women's eggs?[Op-Ed]by Ruha Benjamin, San Francisco ChronicleApril 4th, 2013Could compensation induce women of modest means to undergo the risks of egg extraction?

Powder women's eggs for home storage by Andy Coghlan, New ScientistApril 4th, 2013In future, women may be able to store their eggs at home as a powder. To revive them for an attempt at a baby, all they would need to do is empty the sachet, add water, fertilise with sperm and implant the embryo.

Tough Calls on Prenatal Tests by Christopher Weaver, Wall Street JournalApril 3rd, 2013New prenatal gene tests are reshaping care for expectant mothers, but their rapid rollout has raised fears that poorly understood results could lead to confusion among patients and doctors.

Come and get it: how sperm became one of America's hottest exportsby Brooke Jarvis, The VergeApril 2nd, 2013An in-depth report on sperm donation focuses on the Seattle Sperm Bank, aka European Sperm Bank USA, and one of its donors.

Shifts in the Global Body Market: Access or Exploitation?by Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesApril 1st, 2013PlanetHospital claims that new surrogacy regulations in India have ruined a “golden opportunity” and paints Mexico and Thailand as the surrogacy frontiers – where it happens to have business arrangements.

New Technology Can Make It So 1 Baby Has 3 Parents[Quotes CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]CBS New YorkMarch 29th, 2013“People have characterized this as sliding down a slippery slope. This one actually throws us off a cliff."

Are Parents Entitled To Create A Dream Child? [VIDEO][With CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]HuffPost LiveMarch 29th, 2013What if science allowed prospective parents to create smarter and healthier babies? This idea is just as exciting as it is alarming, but is it realistic? Should it be?

Cloning, De-extinction, and Possibly Human Applicationsby Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesMarch 29th, 2013Synthetic biologist and entrepreneur George Church and cloning expert Robert Lanza are starting a company to change animal reproduction — and maybe human, too, but they wouldn't say that even if it were true.

UK May Be Close To Approving Nuclear Transfer Technique for IVF[Quotes CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by John Farrell, ForbesMarch 28th, 2013The conception of children who share the genes of three parents could be one step closer to reality.

‘I Thought I Just Had to Sleep it Off’: Egg Donor Sues Toronto Fertility Doctor After Suffering Strokeby Alison Motluk, National PostMarch 28th, 2013A young woman who suffered a stroke after donating her eggs is suing a Toronto fertility doctor and a U.S. egg donor agency for alleged negligence.

GM Crops Evil, GM Children OK?by Chris Bennett, Western Farm PressMarch 27th, 2013China is surging ahead with a research project aimed at identifying millions of genetic variations in order to boost intelligence.

Sperm Donor with Genetic Illness Speaks Outby PS, The Copenhagen PostMarch 25th, 2013A former sperm donor may have passed on a heritable and treatable cancer-causing illness, but health authorities have decided not to search for the five to ten children who may be affected.

Surrogacy's Painful Path to Parenthoodby Julia Medew, The AgeMarch 23rd, 2013Reports of abortions, questionable medical bills and baby mix-ups are increasingly emerging from overseas destinations where commercial surrogacy is legal.

The Ultimate Easter Egg Hunt: ‘Ivy League Couple’ Seeks Donor With ‘Highest Scores’by Melinda Henneberger, The Washington PostMarch 21st, 2013Advertisements seeking "perfect" egg donors and promising hefty sums of cash proliferate on college campuses; the medical risks are much harder to unearth.

Broad Public Support for "3-Parent Babies" and Crossing the Human Germline? Not What the Data Sayby Jessica Cussins & Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesMarch 21st, 2013The UK regulatory agency’s summary of its public consultation on mitochondria replacement highlights "broad public support" for a procedure that would cross a crucial ethical and policy line. But that support is not actually demonstrated in its data.

HealthWatch: Britain Considers Allowing Babies From 3 Parents [Video][With CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by Kim Mulvihill, CBS San FranciscoMarch 20th, 2013Britain's fertility regulator says it has found broad public support for in vitro fertilization techniques that allow babies to be created with DNA from three people for couples at risk of passing on potentially fatal genetic diseases.

Three-Person IVF Moves Closer in UKby James Gallagher, BBC NewsMarch 20th, 2013The UK has moved closer to becoming the first country to allow the creation of babies from three people.

Govt Proposes to Bring Bill to Regulate Surrogacy: AzadThe HinduMarch 19th, 2013The Indian government is proposing to monitor the services of assisted reproductive technology clinics and banks to regulate surrogacy in the country.

Pregnancy After 50: Using Egg, Embryo Donations to Extend a Woman’s Reproductive Life by Sharon Kirkey, Calgary HeraldMarch 17th, 2013The American Society for Reproductive Medicine now says that some women over 50 are candidates to receive third-party eggs.

Eugenics Fear Over Gene Modification[Letter to the Editor]by David King et al., The GuardianMarch 15th, 2013The benefits of mitochondrial replacement are heavily outweighed by the risks to the child and to society.

‘Business has Boomed’: Canadian Surrogacy Agent Facing 27 Charges Continues her Controversial Workby Tom Blackwell, National PostMarch 13th, 2013A surrogacy agent facing 27 charges under a precedent-setting RCMP prosecution continues to forge ahead with her controversial work, offering cash incentives for recruiting new surrogate mothers.

Experiments with Inheritable Genetic Modificationby Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesMarch 13th, 2013A developmental biologist looks carefully at research on mitochondria replacement that would be an experimental form of human inheritable genetic modification.

The British Embryo Authority and the Chamber of Eugenicsby Stuart A. Newman, Huffington PostMarch 11th, 2013Mitochondria replacement would be a misuse of technology with clear potential for individual and social harms.

Clinic Ships in Eggs From US 'Bank' to Tackle Shortage by Julia Medew, The Sydney Morning HeraldMarch 10th, 2013Australians have started paying $19,000 to import eggs from American women under a new deal with US-based World Egg Bank, the largest commercial frozen egg bank in the world.

Donor Wombs: Giving Women Without Uteruses a Chance to Carry a Baby Stirs Assisted Baby Making Debateby Sharon Kirkey, Edmonton JournalMarch 10th, 2013In a world first attempt, doctors in Turkey are preparing to transfer a single frozen embryo into a 23-year-old woman whose uterus came from a brain-dead donor.

Surrogate Offered $10,000 to Abort Babyby Elizabeth Cohen, CNNMarch 6th, 2013A surrogate refused to have an abortion after severe abnormalities were spotted on an ultrasound and moved to Michigan, where she became the legal mother.

GM Babies?by Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesMarch 5th, 2013A debate about genetically engineered babies is hijacked by slick rhetoric.

Surrogacy Laws May Leave Australian Babies Statelessby Kerry Brewster, ABC News [Australia]March 4th, 2013Australian babies may be left stateless and unable to leave India as a result of changes to the country's commercial surrogacy laws.

Desperate for Children, They Were Swindled Out of $2 Million Central Valley Business TimesFebruary 19th, 2013A California woman pleaded guilty to four counts of wire fraud in connection with a scheme she carried out through her surrogacy and egg donation agency, Surrogenesis USA Inc.

We Are Egg Donors: A New Self-Advocacy Community by Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesFebruary 19th, 2013Women who have donated their eggs or are considering it can share stories and research, provide mutual support, and leverage their presence beyond that of individual women who are heavily recruited and then instantly forgotten.

Latest Figures on Fertility Treatment, Birth Rate and Multiple Births are Releasedby Matt Thomas, BioNewsFebruary 11th, 2013Figures released by the UK's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority reveal the number of IVF cycles performed each year has continued to rise while the multiple pregnancy and birth rate has declined and the live birth rate per cycle has remained steady.

New Study Finds Number of Multiple Births Affected by Congenital Anomalies has Doubled in the Last 30 YearsBJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and GynaecologyFebruary 6th, 2013The number of birth defects arising from multiple births has almost doubled since the 1980s, suggests a new study compiled over a 24-year period across 14 European countries.

How Soon Is Now? Prenatal Tests Racing from Theory to Practice by Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesFebruary 5th, 2013The rapid development and deployment of non-invasive prenatal genetic tests may be outstripping the ability of society to respond to them.

French Gay Marriage Plans Stir Parenthood Debateby Associated Press, NPRJanuary 31st, 2013The president's promise to legalize gay marriage was seen as relatively uncontroversial when it first came up, but the news reopened a raw national debate on fertility treatments, surrogacy and adoption.

Neanderthal Clone Poll Finds Most Americans Oppose Cloning Human Relative by Emily Swanson, Huffington PostJanuary 30th, 2013Most Americans are opposed to allowing any scientist to attempt such a feat - with or without a human surrogate.

The True Immoral Acts Behind The First "Test Tube Baby"by Peter Ubel, ForbesJanuary 28th, 2013Louise Brown’s doctors never told her mother that IVF was a brand new procedure.

Transparency is the VictimThe HinduJanuary 27th, 2013In the absence of effective oversight of assisted reproduction practices, some medical institutions in Delhi are flouting medical and ethical rules with aplomb.

California Passes The Most Progressive Surrogacy Bill In The Worldby Andrew Vorzimer and David Randall, American Fertility Association BlogJanuary 25th, 2013The legislation is designed to protect all parties involved in surrogacy arrangements.

Neo Neanderthal[With CGS's Pete Shanks]by Alyona Minkovski, HuffPost LiveJanuary 25th, 2013A leading geneticist at Harvard Medical School says he can clone a Neanderthal and resurrect the extinct species. What are the ethical issues, risks and benefits?

Is Egg Donation Dangerous?by Alison Motluk, MaisonneuveJanuary 21st, 2013About five hundred egg donations take place in Canada every year, and experts say the process is very safe. But some donors face serious health problems—and doctors may be underestimating the risks.

Interview with George Church: Can Neanderthals Be Brought Back from the Dead?by Philip Bethge and Johann Grolle, Der SpiegelJanuary 18th, 2013The English translation of the interview in which George Church of Harvard University explains how genetic technology and synthetic biology might permit the creation of a Neanderthal-like clone that could be gestated by a woman.

"Adventurous Female Human" Needed to Give Birth to NeandertalGenome WebJanuary 17th, 2013Harvard's George Church on recreating Neandertals, engineering humans to live to 120, making people resistant to viruses, and exchanging DNA with other species.

IVF on Steroids: The Dangerous Off-Label Use of 'Dex' During Pregnancyby Alice Dreger, The AtlanticJanuary 16th, 2013Fertility clinics across the U.S. are prescribing a medication with a seriously concerning safety profile and no proven benefits.

Egg Sharing Cuts Bristol's IVF Waiting Listby Polly March, BBC NewsJanuary 12th, 2013A new "egg sharing" programme and an increase in the amount egg donors are compensated have significantly cut waiting times for couples needing donor eggs in the UK. At what cost?

Surrogacy as Cover for Trading in Babiesby Ujjwala Nayudu, The Indian ExpressJanuary 8th, 2013A case in Ahmedabad blurs the line between baby trading and surrogacy.

New Guidelines: India Not A Viable Option For Gay Couples, Unmarried Couples Or Single Individualsby Andrew Vorzimer, The Spin DoctorJanuary 4th, 2013India’s Ministry of Home Affairs has released guidelines that apply to foreign nationals seeking an Indian surrogate.

Sperm Donor Offspring Call for Privacy Changesby Kyoko Hasegawa, inSingJanuary 3rd, 2013Donor-conceived children in Japan, where there are no laws governing access to details of genetic parentage, are calling for the practice of anonymous sperm and egg donation to be banned.

1.7 Million Human Embryos Created for IVF Thrown Awayby Andrew Hough, The TelegraphDecember 31st, 2012Official statistics show that almost half of embryos used to help a women conceive through in vitro fertilisation were thrown away during or after the process.

Exclusive: Rise in Number of Couples Seeking 'Wombs for Hire' Abroad by Jeremy Laurance, The IndependentDecember 28th, 2012The number of British couples formally registering children born to foreign surrogates has nearly trebled in five years, raising concerns that poor women in developing countries are being exploited by rich Westerners.

New Calif. Law Eases Sperm Donor Testing RulesMercury NewsDecember 28th, 2012California women who want to get pregnant using sperm from a donor they know should find the process easier and less expensive next year, thanks to a new state law.

Human Rights Court Orders Costa Rica to Legalize In Vitro Fertilizationby L. Arias, Tico TimesDecember 20th, 2012The Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued a ruling against the government of Costa Rica condemning its ban on in vitro fertilization.

‘People are in a very desperate mode’: Fertility specialist faces misconduct charges in treatment of 30 womenby Tom Blackwell, National PostDecember 19th, 2012In a rare prosecution in Canada’s burgeoning assisted reproduction industry, a fertility specialist is accused of unprofessional conduct, incompetence and failing to maintain the standard of practice.

Public interest group calls on FDA to rule "nuclear genome transfer" unacceptable[Press statement]December 19th, 2012“Nuclear genome transfer” would mean uncontrolled human experimentation on future children and their offspring.

Gendercide Stingsby S.A., The EconomistDecember 18th, 2012A lawyer and women’s rights activist is taking an unusual approach to India’s skewed sex ratios.

Human Cloning 'Within 50 Years'by Nick Collins, The Telegraph (UK)December 18th, 2012Parents who lose children in accidents may be able to clone "copies" to replace them within 50 years, a British scientist who won this year's Nobel prize for medicine has predicted.

Review: Bioethics: All That Matters by Donna Dickensonby Gina Maranto, Biopolitical Times guest contributorDecember 13th, 2012This lively and accessible guide to the ethical implications of biotechnology asks how the field promotes or undermines social equality.

Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing: Is This the Brave New World We Want?by Alexandra Minna Stern, The Huffington PostDecember 11th, 2012Several companies have recently unveiled non-invasive prenatal tests for use among "high-risk" women, but the history of prenatal testing in America suggests that a path to routinization is all but assured.

Anatomy of a Webpage: A Peek into a Possible Genetic Futureby George Estreich, Biopolitical Times guest contributorDecember 11th, 2012A biotech start-up wants to use a "proprietary algorithm" to provide information about hypothetical children.

Who's Mom? Legally, Biologically, it's no Easy Answerby Martin E. Klimek, USA TodayDecember 9th, 2012New York allows gay marriage but forbids surrogacy, while Utah permits surrogacy but bans gay marriage.

More Women Turn to Frozen Eggs For Help With Infertility[Quotes CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by Andrea K. Walker, The Baltimore SunDecember 8th, 2012Questions abound about whether the freezing method contaminates the egg, whether it may cause health problems later in a child's life and how long frozen eggs may remain vital.

Fertility Clinics' Ad Regulation Falls Short, Report Says by Catherine Pearson, The Huffington PostDecember 6th, 2012There is too little oversight of how fertility clinics market themselves online, a new report charges, possibly misleading women about their chances of getting pregnant.

Welcome to DownTown Abbeyby Jane Ridley, Page Six MagazineDecember 6th, 2012New York City's modern-day dukes and duchesses blur the lines between upstairs and downstairs, demanding their household help provide everything from donated eggs to properly behaved aquatic animals.

Calls for Increased Compensation for Egg Donorsby PS, The Copenhagen PostDecember 3rd, 2012Fertility clinics in Denmark argue that women should receive more than 500 kroner for donating ova, but the health minister warns against turning them into commodities.

U.S. Fertility Care: Ignoring Minorities? by Jim Hawkins, The Huffington PostDecember 1st, 2012A new report about the websites of U.S. fertility clinics details the vast over-representation of white babies. Could this be behind the relative lack of racial minorities using fertility treatments?

Surgery that Puts Menopause on Holdby Julia Medew, The Sydney Morning HeraldNovember 30th, 2012Ovarian tissue transplants have now been used by 20 women around the world, but IVF specialists recommend it only for women whose fertility is threatened by illness such as cancer.

Embryos for Sale: When You Want Them, How You Want Them, or Your Money Backby Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesNovember 28th, 2012A California fertility clinic is using “desirable” sperm and eggs to create batches of embryos that it then splits among multiple infertile couples.

Rights to Maternity Leave Granted to Parents Through Surrogacyby Sarah Guy, BioNewsNovember 26th, 2012The right to maternity leave in the UK will be extended to parents of children born through surrogacy, under proposed changes to rules on parental leave recently announced by the Government.

Fertility Treatment Waiting Times Halve After Increased Payments to Donorsby Rebecca Smith, The Telegraph (UK)November 26th, 2012An increase in payments for women's eggs has halved the waiting time for fertility treatment in the UK.

Girls R Us: Sex Selection, Sound Bites and Weak Databy Gina Maranto, Biopolitical Times guest contributorNovember 21st, 2012Evidence-light provocations about “the end of men” notwithstanding, sex selection for sons remains a growing global crisis.

"Live Nude Eggs" and Other Personal Accounts by Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesNovember 21st, 2012Recent first-person accounts by egg donors shed light on the complicated terrain these women face.

An Ethics Debate Over Embryos on the Cheapby Alan Zarembo, Los Angeles TimesNovember 19th, 2012In the cutthroat field of fertility treatments, one doctor cuts costs by creating a single batch of embryos, then divvying it up among several patients. One critic calls it the 'commodification of children.'

Mitochondria Replacement Would Forever Alter the Human Germline. Do You Want a Say? by Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesNovember 15th, 2012The Center for Genetics and Society has sent a letter strongly recommending against changing the United Kingdom law that – like those in dozens of other countries – prohibits procedures that would alter the genes we pass on to our children.

Heat Monitor's Fertile Ground for Would-be Parentsby Amy Wilson, Telegraph [UK]November 13th, 2012Scientists eye the US market after their device to help couples have a baby, DuoFertility, is a success in Britain.

Good Eggby Jenna Brogan, Good TimesNovember 7th, 2012Santa Cruzan Raquel Cool discusses the controversial human egg trade, and her own experience making a living in it.

Making Babies, Just to Make Ends Meetby Susan Straight, The New York TimesNovember 3rd, 2012After learning that her neighbor became a surrogate to pay the bills, the author finds out more about what it's been like for her to rent out her womb.

Frozen Egg Banks – A “Paradigm Shift” for the Fertility Industry?by Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesNovember 1st, 2012If egg freezing takes off, finding a future child’s genetic mother may feel a lot more like “catalog shopping.”

Frozen Eggs[With CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by Tom Ashbrook, NPR On PointOctober 26th, 2012Should women freeze their eggs as a lifestyle choice?

Law Lags as Aussies Employ Overseas Surrogate Mums[radio transcript]by Damien Carrick, ABC (Australia) RadioNationalOctober 23rd, 2012Though surrogacy is illegal in Australia, a child is born in India to Australian parents every day. What are the legal and ethical dimensions of hiring a woman from another country as a surrogate?

Reproductive Tourism: Paying Women in Poor Countries to Bear Our Babies is Rife with Ethical ProblemsHealthCanal.comOctober 23rd, 2012An upcoming Journal of Medical Ethics paper highlights major ethical concerns with reproductive tourism, one of which is the tension between business and medical ethics.

Poland to Start Funding IVF Fertility Treatmentby Agata Nalecz, ReutersOctober 22nd, 2012In conflict with Catholic views, Poland's Prime Minster announced plans to provide financing for IVF for married and unmarried couples under certain circumstances.

Egg Freezing Changing Fertility Treatmentsby Elizabeth Cohen, CNNOctober 22nd, 2012Egg freezing technology has led to a paradigm shift in the fertility industry.

IVF Linked to More Birth Defectsby Alexandra Sifferlin, TimeOctober 22nd, 2012Researchers report that in vitro fertilization may increase birth defect risk among children born through the technique, especially in the heart, eyes, reproductive organs and urinary systems.

Surrogacy, Now Big Business in Southern Californiaby Michael Cook, BioEdgeOctober 20th, 2012A promotional video used for gay couples in “the surrogacy friendly state of California” lacks any discussion of the difficult moral terrain.

Clinic Raffles Could Make You a Winner, and Maybe a Motherby Douglas Quenqua, New York TimesOctober 20th, 2012Fertility clinics around the country have found that drawings and essay contests can be an effective way to raise their profiles and attract customers.

Commercial Surrogacy Grows in Indiaby Stephanie M. Lee, San Francisco ChronicleOctober 20th, 2012Critics worry that the mostly unregulated industry is rife with potential health and legal complications for the intended parents and surrogates alike.

Freezing Human Eggs for In Vitro Fertilization No Longer Experimental Procedure[with CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by Margaret Warner, PBS NewshourOctober 19th, 2012Two differing views on the medical and ethical implications of freezing eggs for infertility treatment.

Anatomy of a Webpage, Part 2: Preconception Servicesby George Estreich, Biopolitical Times guest contributorOctober 17th, 2012People living with genetic diseases become medicalized abstractions of risk and defect in the slick marketing of fetal gene tests. More than a matter of semantics, such simplification has negative consequences for all.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Germline Engineeringby Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesOctober 16th, 2012Japanese researchers have created mice by using sperm and eggs grown from induced pluripotent stem cells, a development that could bring human germline engineering much closer.

Japan Team Offers Fertility Hope with Stem Cell Eggsby Harumi Ozawa, Jakarta GlobeOctober 6th, 2012Japanese scientists create mice using artificial eggs created from "normal" adult cells.

Proposed New Gene Manipulation Technique in IVF: Is it Safe? Needed? A Precedent to Designer Babies?by Marcy Darnovsky, Biopolitical TimesOctober 2nd, 2012Is a new “3-parent baby” fertility technique a way to avoid terrible disease, or a dangerous form of human experimentation?

Is This Informal Surrogacy or Exploitation?by Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesOctober 2nd, 2012A bizarre situation in Texas is either the result of a horrible misunderstanding about an informal, unpaid surrogacy or an appalling case of exploitation.

Study Finds Birth Defects Down Among IVF Babiesby Kerry Grens, ReutersSeptember 28th, 2012Scientists don't know why IVF babies have an increased risk of birth defects in the first place. Researchers think the rates may be down because of changes including lower doses of ovarian stimulation medication and increased availability of ART techniques.

My Three Parents, Coming Soon?[With CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]HuffPost LiveSeptember 27th, 2012The UK is considering allowing a procedure that would alter the genes of resulting children and all subsequent generations.

How To Buy A Daughter[With CGS's Marcy Darnovsky] HuffPost LiveSeptember 18th, 2012Gender selection procedures make up a $100 million per year industry. But are women embracing a new reproductive freedom or paying for risky, high-tech eugenics?

Feel-Good Surrogacy?: The New Normal Tackles ARTs with Lighthearted Banterby Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesSeptember 17th, 2012The New Normal showcases a lighthearted vision of surrogacy and gay parenthood that has moving moments, but largely misses the mark.

How To Buy a Daughter: Choosing the sex of your baby has become a multimillion-dollar industry[Quotes CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by Jasmeet Sidhu, SlateSeptember 14th, 2012The US is one of the few countries that allows preimplantation genetic diagnosis for prenatal sex selection, which could have negative consequences for parents and children alike.

Sperm Precursor Cells Created in Labby Michael Cook, BioEdgeSeptember 7th, 2012Scientists may soon be able to create artificial sperm from a skin cell. Proponents extol benefits for sterile men; opponents warn of future obsolescence of males.

Is Costa Rica Violating Human Rights by Banning In Vitro Fertilization?by Matt Levin, Tico TimesSeptember 7th, 2012Costa Rica is being sued at the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights for prohibiting in vitro fertilization.

Bioethicist Pushes Us Toward Our Eugenic Dutyby Anna Hamilton, Biopolitical Times Guest ContributorSeptember 6th, 2012A professor of ethics takes his campaign for "breeding better babies" to the Reader's Digest.

Health Ministry to Expand Pregnant Women's Genetic Testing Subsidies by Yaron Kelner, YNet NewsAugust 31st, 2012A new initiative in Israel will subsidize advanced genetic testing for pregnant women, providing prenatal diagnosis of genetic abnormalities.

British Couples Flying to US For Banned Baby Sex Selectionby Stephen Adams, Telegraph [UK]August 28th, 2012Dozens of couples are flying to the US every year to choose the sex of their babies, a practice banned in Britain three years ago.

The Limitations of Voluntary Guidelinesby Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesAugust 21st, 2012Guidelines on paying for women's eggs and on embryo implantation are regularly being ignored, even by members of the fertility industry's professional organization.

Genetically Engineering 'Ethical' Babies is a Moral Obligation, Says Oxford Professor by Richard Alleyne, The Telegraph [UK]August 16th, 2012Bioethicist Julian Savulescu said that creating so-called designer babies could be considered a "moral obligation" as it makes them grow up into "ethically better children."

Would Ryan's Anti-Abortion, Anti-IVF Bill Criminalize Romney's Son? by Lee-Anne Goodman, The Canadian PressAugust 14th, 2012Paul Ryan's anti-abortion bill puts him at odds with the eldest son of the Republican presidential hopeful.

As Prices for Prenatal Genome Sequencing Tests Fall, Researchers Worry About Consequences for Families in a Real-Life 'Gattaca' by Makini Brice, Medical DailyAugust 13th, 2012Genome sequencing of fetuses would drastically increase the volume and scope of prenatal data, but its meaning would be unclear.

Researcher Accused of Misleading Pregnant Women by Sara Reardon, New ScientistAugust 9th, 2012A doctor at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine has been prescribing a controversial drug to pregnant women to treat a rare genetic disorder in female fetuses.

Fertility Treatments May Put Women at Risk for PTSD Symptoms, Study Suggestsby Rachael Rettner, NBC NewsAugust 8th, 2012A new study states that women undergoing fertility treatments face an increased risk, about six timers higher than the general population, of developing PTSD symptoms.

Christie Vetoes Bill That Would Have Eased Tough Rules for Gestational Surrogatesby Susan K. Livio, New Jersey Star LedgerAugust 8th, 2012The governor of New Jersey has vetoed a bill that would have relaxed the state's regulation of commercial surrogacy.

Clinical Trial Is Favorable for a Prenatal Gene Testby Andrew Pollack, The New York TimesAugust 8th, 2012A new method of prenatal testing that can detect more genetic problems in a fetus than ever before could be headed toward wider use after encouraging results from a clinical trial.

Changes for India’s ART Industry?by Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesAugust 6th, 2012The recent death of a surrogate in India, along with new information about the 2010 death of a 17-year-old who had repeatedly sold her eggs, have built support for regulation of assisted reproduction. A draft bill would provide some safeguards, but Indian women’s health advocates say other provisions “leave much to be desired.”

New Ice Age for Wellbeingby Rachel Browne, The Sydney Morning HeraldAugust 5th, 2012A number of Australian IVF clinics tout egg freezing and storage for healthy women in their 30s who want a baby but are not yet ready to conceive.

Wisconsin Ruling Prevents Most Insurers From Denying Benefits to Surrogatesby Gina Barton, Milwaukee Journal SentinelAugust 4th, 2012The Wisconsin Supreme Court has ruled that insurance companies cannot deny coverage based on circumstances of pregnancy.

Startling Admissions in IVF Journalby Michael Cook, BioEdgeAugust 4th, 2012Some IVF patients are being offered risky, unsafe techniques which offer dubious benefits, according to an article in the journal Reproductive BioMedicine Online.

Happy Birthday, IVF: 'Inconceivable' Mom Looks Back at First 'Test Tube Baby'by Carolyn Savage, MSNBCJuly 25th, 2012Carolyn Savage reflects on how much has changed, and how much hasn't, since the first "test tube baby" was born 34 years ago today.

Rolling the Dice of a Genetic Legacyby Ellen Painter Dollar, The New York TimesJuly 20th, 2012A mother with brittle bone disease chooses to accept that risk for her children.

More Couples Seek to Select Child Gender / 90 Couples Went to Thailand for Diagnosis in '12by The Yomiuri Shimbun, The Daily Yomiuri July 17th, 2012At least 90 Japanese couples have traveled to Thailand to receive preimplantation diagnosis for sex selection purposes this year, a procedure not allowed in Japan.

India Suspends Doctors Over Banned Fetal 'Sex Tests'Daily NewsJuly 17th, 2012Twelve Indian doctors have been suspended for allegedly conducting prenatal sex tests, a practice banned to stop the abortion of female fetuses that has widened India's gender gap.

High Doses of Hormones Faulted in Fertility Care[Quotes CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by Jacqueline Mroz, The New York TimesJuly 16th, 2012OHSS can be a complication of fertility treatments that rely on high doses of hormones, which are standard in the United States and the United Kingdom on the grounds of higher success rates.

Sperm Donor Records Disposed of in JapanUnited Press InternationalJuly 14th, 2012A survey of Japanese fertility clinics found about 30 percent of information on sperm donors has been destroyed.

Conflict Potential Seen in Genetic Counselorsby Andrew Pollack, New York TimesJuly 13th, 2012Is it ethical for genetic counselors, who advise patients on whether to undergo testing, to be paid by the companies that perform the tests?

Is Your Fertility Doctor Taking Kickbacks?by Cassie Murdoch, SlateJuly 13th, 2012Responding to the growing IVF market, companies that give loans to fund fertility treatments are sprouting up across the country.

Bill Aims to Weed Out Rent-a-Womb Clinicsby Kounteya Sinha, The Times of IndiaJuly 13th, 2012The Assisted Reproductive Technology Regulation Bill will make it mandatory for all Indian clinics involved in treating infertility to be part of a National Registry.

17-Yr-Old Egg Donor Dead, HC Questions Fertility Centre’s Roleby Mayura Janwalkar, The Indian ExpressJuly 12th, 2012Sushma Pandey's death two years ago - after visiting a fertility clinic three times in 18 months - is now bringing India’s assisted reproductive clinics into the spotlight.

Womb Transplants Could Be a Reality in Britain Within Two Years: Surgeonby Rebecca Smith, TelegraphJuly 12th, 2012Some doctors say womb transplants would be a more 'ethical solution' to infertility than seeking a surrogate.

Growing IVF Loan Business Helps Families Finance Their Fertilityby Linda Carroll, Today onlineJuly 12th, 2012Fertility finance companies are popping up around the country; while many couples are happy with the option, some experts are concerned they are taking advantage of a vulnerable group.

One of Five Million: Contemplating Fertility Treatment and Embryo Selectionby Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesJuly 12th, 2012Five million people have been born using in vitro fertilization. Though the technology has become safer and less expensive, it warrants attention because of the open door it provides for embryo selection.

At a Sperm Bank in Bihar, Caste Divisions Start Before Birthby Amarnath Tewary, The New York TimesJuly 12th, 2012India’s caste system, in which people are born into a certain group, is now asserting itself even before birth as more couples in rural areas turn to sperm donors as treatment for infertility.

IVF Study Shows One Embryo is Bestby Rebecca Brice, ABC NewsJuly 5th, 2012Australian researchers have discovered that the rate of perinatal deaths in IVF can be considerably reduced when only one embryo is used in the fertility treatment.

Woman Sues FDA Over Right to Select Her Own Sperm Donor by Meghan Neal, New York Daily NewsJuly 4th, 2012An anonymous California woman is suing the Food and Drug Administration, which regulates sperm banks, for the right to use an unregulated sperm donor.

Couples Use IVF to Pick Genesby Julia Medew, The AgeJuly 3rd, 2012Fertile women with genes that predispose them to breast and ovarian cancers are using preimplantation genetic diagnosis to select embryos without the genes.

Frozen Egg Birth Rate Remains Low by Julieanne Strachan, Sydney Morning HeraldJuly 1st, 2012Doctors warn that the chances of being able to achieve a live birth using a frozen egg are significantly less than from a frozen embryo.

Surrogacy Gives Birth to IndustryOregon's Medical Advances, Willing Mothers Attract International Clients Who Bring Cash With Their Dreamsby Peter Korn, Portland TribuneJune 21st, 2012Couples from around the world looking for surrogate gestational carriers have discovered Oregon, with its liberal surrogate laws and highly rated reproductive medicine clinics.

Judge Says Montana Parents Can Sue Over Lack of Genetic Testingby The Associated Press, Great Falls TribuneJune 21st, 2012A Montana couple who say they would have aborted their pregnancy if they knew the child would be born with cystic fibrosis are suing their healthcare providers for not conducting a more thorough genetic screening.

Baby Contest: Couples Compete for Free IVF — Is This Exploitation or Generosity? by Bonnie Rochman, TIME HealthlandJune 19th, 2012The Sher Fertility Institute selected 3 couples out of 45 who submitted emotionally wrenching videos in order to win a free IVF cycle. For one judge, choosing her favorites felt like "playing God."

First Gay Couple to Become Fathers in UK Spend £65K to Ensure Next Child is a Girl by Sadie Whitelocks, The Daily Mail (UK)June 12th, 2012The first same-sex couple in the UK to have their names listed as parents on a birth certificate have traveled to the US and spent over $100,000 on specialist IVF treatment to ensure that their next child is female.

DNA Blueprint for Fetus Built Using Tests of Parents[Quotes CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by Andrew Pollack, The New York TimesJune 6th, 2012Using only a blood sample from the pregnant woman and a saliva specimen from the father, researchers explain that “Our capacity to generate data is outstripping our ability to interpret it in ways that are useful to physicians and patients.”

Indian Surrogate Dies Amid Complications in Eighth Month of Pregnancyby Jessica Cussins, Biopolitical TimesMay 31st, 2012The death of Premila Vaghela illustrates the risks that impoverished surrogates may be tempted to take.

Son Preference and Sex Selection in America: Why It Persists and How We Can Change Itby Sujatha Jesudason and Anat Shenker-Osorio, RH Reality CheckMay 31st, 2012Empowering families, communities, and societies to root out biases and alter their own behaviors without shaming, blaming, or curtailing the rights of women is our only real hope of tackling this issue.

Revealed: How More and More Britons are Paying Indian Women to Become Surrogate Mothersby Shekhar Bhatia, The Telegraph (UK)May 26th, 2012The sheer scale of the “baby factory” phenomenon is now causing concern with the Indian government. There are up to 1,000 unregulated clinics, comprising an industry worth as much as £1.5 billion a year.

Surrogate Mother Dies of ComplicationsTimes of IndiaMay 17th, 2012Premila Vaghela, who became a surrogate in order to supplement her family income and brighten the future of her own two kids, died due to unexplained complications.

Eggs From a Different Perspectiveby Osagie Obasogie, Biopolitical TimesMay 17th, 2012Mainstream coverage of egg freezing fails to bring a diversity of perspectives into the conversation.

Egg Freezing: Why “Would-Be Grandparents" Should Know All the Facts Before Investingby Sona Makker, Biopolitcal TimesMay 16th, 2012A recent New York Times article features parents who are opting to pay for their daughters to freeze their eggs, but fails to mention any of the important risks.

In Choosing a Sperm Donor, a Roll of the Genetic Diceby Jacqueline Mroz, New York TimesMay 14th, 2012The growing market for assisted reproduction and sperm donation raises questions about genetic testing and regulation of the industry.

So Eager for Grandchildren, They’re Paying the Egg-Freezing Clinicby Elissa Gootman, New York TimesMay 13th, 2012The use of egg freezing technology seems to be growing at an alarming pace.

£750 for your eggsby Neil Sears and Jenny Hope, Daily MailMay 11th, 2012A fertility firm targets Cambridge University as critics blast the company for exploiting financially vulnerable students.

Asian Women Command Premium Prices for Egg Donation in U.S.by Shan Li, Los Angeles TimesMay 3rd, 2012The high prices reflect growing demand and a shortage of willing providers.

Are Canadian Fertility Services Breaking the Law?by Françoise Baylis, Bioethics ForumMay 1st, 2012In Canada, the assisted reproduction business may be in violation of the law and more regulation is needed, Françoise Baylis argues.

Ova Brokers Remain Unchecked. Number of Births Resulting From In Vitro Fertilization Abroad UnknownThe Daily Yomiuri April 30th, 2012At least 130 children were born to Japanese parents from 2007 to 2011, but the exact number is unknown because the firms that arrange the treatment are unregulated.

Will Gattaca Come True?[Quotes CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by Mara Hvistendahl, SlateApril 27th, 2012Noninvasive, early fetal tests for sex, paternity, and chromosomal conditions will change pregnancy dramatically — and raise tricky ethical questions.

Woman Who Ran Surrogacy Company Arrested on Fraud Chargesby Rosalio Ahumada, Bellingham HeraldApril 20th, 2012A California woman was arrested this week on charges that her company, SurroGenesis, was defrauding its clients.

Canada's Fertility Industry Now Open for (Unregulated) Businessby Emily Beitiks, Biopolitical TimesApril 19th, 2012The decision to close down Assisted Human Reproduction Canada signals even less oversight of the country’s fertility industry.

IVF Babies May Face Later Cardiac Risksby Chris Kaiser, MedPage TodayApril 19th, 2012Children conceived using in vitro fertilization may be at risk for premature cardiovascular disease, a new study finds.

Baby Sex Selection Ad Targets Indo-Canadiansby Annie Burns-Pieper, CBC NewsApril 17th, 2012A Washington-based fertility clinic is advertising sex selection services - "Create the Family You Want: Boy or Girl" - in a Canadian newspaper that targets South Asian communities.

Stricter Norms for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinicsby Kounteya Sinha, The Times of IndiaApril 12th, 2012India is establishing a mandatory registry for all fertility clinics in the country.

British Man 'Fathered 600 Children' at Own Fertility Clinicby Rebecca Smith, TelegraphApril 8th, 2012Research by two men conceived at a London-based fertility clinic suggests that the Austrian biologist who founded it provided two thirds of the donated sperm.

Scientists Rewrite Rules of Human Reproduction by Steve Connor, The IndependentApril 7th, 2012UK scientists claim that lab-grown egg cells could revolutionize fertility and banish menopause.

Sperm: America's Most Renewable Resource?CBS This MorningApril 5th, 2012The United States has become the world's top exporter of sperm.

Egg and Sperm Donors: HFEA in Drive to Increase Numbersby Jane Hughes, BBC NewsApril 4th, 2012The UK fertility regulator is seeking to reduce the taboo around egg and sperm donation, but critics say egg donation is an invasive process, and women should be warned of the risks.

Mother's Helper: A Shocking Thing I Learned After Giving Up My Eggsby Catherine Lacey, The AtlanticApril 4th, 2012For $8,000 it was easy for the author to justify selling her eggs the first time. The second time, too. Only then did they share the bad news.

Government Shutters Agency That Oversees Canada’s Fertility and Assisted Reproduction Industryby Tom Blackwell, National PostMarch 30th, 2012Canada’s fertility industry will soon be left with virtually no official oversight, after the federal government decided this week to close down the regulatory agency for the field.

Canadian women richly rewarded for donating eggsby CTVNews.ca Staff, CTV NewsMarch 27th, 2012It's illegal in Canada to pay for human eggs or sperm. But the practice continues because no one is enforcing the law.

In Vitro Babies Denied U.S. Citizenshipby Michele Chabin, USA TodayMarch 19th, 2012Twins born through IVF to an American mother were denied citizenship in a controversial case.

Canada’s Murky Legal World of Surrogate-Consultants and Human-Egg Buyersby Tom Blackwell, National PostMarch 9th, 2012Egg brokers in Canada charge thousands for the service, yet Canadian law prohibits payment for the “carriers” and donors themselves, part of the legal grey zone that envelops the industry.

Egg Freezing: Taking a Closer Look at the Experimental Labelby Sona Makker, Biopolitcal TimesMarch 7th, 2012Recent media coverage of egg freezing has done more to promote it than to raise awareness of the risks that any woman considering it should know about.

Illegal Surrogacy Operation the "Tip of the Iceberg"by Emily Beitiks, Biopolitical TimesMarch 6th, 2012The accomplices in the surrogacy scandal have been sentenced. What have we learned about preventing further abuses in the surrogacy industry?

Surrogate Mothers Face Nightmares of Surrogacyby Savita Verma, India TodayMarch 5th, 2012From lack of adequate compensation to cultural stigmas, surrogate mothers in India face a unique set of hardships and risks.

Same-Sex Custody Battle Could Change Florida Law by James Rosica, NewsOKMarch 4th, 2012The battle over what defines motherhood is being played out on prime-time television shows and in courtrooms across the country.

Pregnant Surrogates ‘Left in the Lurch’ after RCMP Raid Fertility Consultant’s Officeby Tom Blackwell, National PostMarch 1st, 2012Canadian police launched an unprecedented investigation of a fertility-treatment consultant, citing alleged violations of laws that ban buying or selling sperm, eggs and surrogacy services.

Convicted Surrogacy Attorney: I'm Tip of Iceberg by Rory Devine and R. Stickney, NBC San DiegoFebruary 29th, 2012The woman convicted and sentenced for her role in a baby-selling ring says the "billion-dollar industry" is "corrupt."

Surrogacy Under Scrutinyby Wang Hairong, Bejing ReviewFebruary 27th, 2012Surrogate births commissioned by a rich couple raise reproductive equality and legal concerns.

Surrogacy Lawyer Theresa Erickson Pleads Guiltyby Julie Watson, Associated PressFebruary 25th, 2012Theresa Erickson, the ringleader of the recent baby-selling scheme, has been sentenced to 5 months in prison and 9 months of home confinement.

In Vitro a Fertile Niche for Lenders by Jessica Silver-Greenberg, Wall Street JournalFebruary 24th, 2012At a time when many traditional lenders are struggling, companies that make loans for in vitro fertilization, egg harvesting and other fertility treatments say their business is thriving.

Assisted Reproduction Technologies Hit Prime Time by Emily Beitiks, Biopolitical TimesFebruary 23rd, 2012This month’s episodes of Glee and Modern Family – two of the most popular prime time television shows – featured central characters contemplating assisted reproductive technologies.

What Do Artificial Wombs Mean for Women? by Soraya Chemaly, RH Reality CheckFebruary 23rd, 2012Artificial wombs could alter, in unprecedented ways, the interests, rights and responsibilities of women, men and the state.

Chinese Couples Come to U.S. to Have Children Through Surrogacyby Shan Li, Los Angeles TimesFebruary 18th, 2012China does not permit commercial surrogacy, but the country's rising affluence allows some couples to use U.S. surrogacy clinics.

Letters to the Editor of "Contraception" in Response to Coeytaux, Darnovsky, Fogel Responses by Francine Coeytaux, Marcy Darnovsky, and Susan Berke Fogel; Kirsten Moore; Rogerio Lobo; and R. Stan Williams.

Sperm Donor Identity Debate Focuses on Children's Rightsby Gordon Hoekstra, Vancouver SunFebruary 15th, 2012A Canadian lawsuit will determine if children of sperm donors have a right to know the identity of their gamete donors.

The World's Baby Factoryby Anuj Chopra, Foreign PolicyFebruary 10th, 2012It's already the world's second-most populous country. So why is India turning grandmothers into mothers?

IVF Clinics Told to Cut Multiple Births to 10%BBCFebruary 9th, 2012IVF clinics have been told that no more than 10% of births should be twins or triplets by regulators.

Threatened Fertility: are Fertility Clinic Success Rates Accurate? Global NewsFebruary 8th, 2012Fertility clinic success statistics remain questionable absent external auditing.

Too Posh for Pregnancy? by Marcy Darnovsky, Biopolitical TimesFebruary 6th, 2012How many women hire surrogates because they are too busy to be pregnant or want to avoid stretch marks?

Flap over Designer Sperm in Indiaby Marcy Darnovsky, Biopolitical TimesJanuary 26th, 2012An ad for sperm from “tall and fair” technology students sparks a debate in India about designer babies.

Boy or Girl? Why Dads Want Sons, but Moms Want Daughters.Women strongly prefer daughters while men wants sons, a study finds. Could this lead to sex selection?by Bonnie Rochman, TimeJanuary 19th, 2012A Canadian survey finds significant preferences about the preferred sex of offspring; a medical journal editorializes that parents shouldn’t learn their baby-to-be’s sex until after 30 weeks of pregnancy.

'Three-Person IVF' Technique Moves CloserBBC NewsJanuary 19th, 2012Public opinion will help decide the future of a controversial genetic technique to stop serious conditions being passed from mother to child.

Study Finds Doctors Shouldn’t Transfer 3 or More Embryos into Women Having IVF at Any Ageby Maria Cheng, Associated Press / Washington PostJanuary 12th, 2012A new study found that women who get three or more embryos have no better odds of having a baby than those who get just two embryos. However, they do face a greater chance of risky multiple births.

Make Me a Baby As Fast As You CanHow a California surrogacy operation streamlines baby production by implanting clients’ embryos in two Indian surrogates at the same timeby Douglas Pet, SlateJanuary 9th, 2012If for-profit companies are going to continue to approach baby-making like an import-export business, maybe it’s time for governments to start treating it that way, adapting oversight and protections for all parties involved.

Unnatural Selection: Is Evolving Reproductive Technology Ushering in a New Age of Eugenics? [Quotes CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by Carolyn Abraham, The Globe and MailJanuary 7th, 2012Modern day assisted reproduction offers a whole new approach to baby-making, one that gives people an unprecedented power to preview, and pick, the genetic traits of their children.

Older Mothers, Fertility Treatments Driving a Big Increase in Twin Births, New CDC Report Saysby Mike Stobbe, Associated Press / The Washington PostJanuary 4th, 2012The number of twins born in the U.S. soared over the last three decades, mostly the result of test-tube babies and women waiting to have children until their 30s.

Stem cell research on donor eggs often not disclosedby Frederik Joelving, Reuters HealthJanuary 3rd, 2012Many U.S. fertility clinics don't tell egg donors that embryos made from their eggs may end up being used in stem cell research, according to a new government survey.

Scientists Grow Sperm in Laboratory Dish The TelegraphJanuary 2nd, 2012Scientists have made a major breakthrough that could soon see human sperm grown in the laboratory.

Sydney Women Turn to US Dads for Sperm Donationby Rosie Squires, The Sunday TelegraphJanuary 1st, 2012Sydney women are importing sperm from the US because Australian men are too scared to donate, since it became easier for children to track down their biological fathers.

Sperm Donor in Fremont Feeling Heat from Feds by Erin Allday, San Francisco ChronicleDecember 19th, 2011Trent Arsenault has been a sperm donor for five years, offering women his semen for free on the Internet, but the FDA has recently told him to stop, or else face a hefty fine or time in prison.

New Study Links Egg Harvesting for IVF to Ovarian Cancerby Gina Maranto, Biopolitical Times guest contributorDecember 19th, 2011An impressively large and comprehensive study has confirmed earlier findings of increased risk for both ovarian cancer and borderline ovarian tumors after exposure to fertility drugs.

Uterine Transplants: A New Frontier in ScienceResearchers, including some from IU, are studying procedure than could benefit thousandsby Shari Rudavsky, Indy StarDecember 17th, 2011Researchers, including some at the Indiana University School of Medicine, are exploring whether uterine transplants might be able to help women who lack a womb to bear children.

Errors During PGD Testing Raise Wrongful Conception Concerns [Quote CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by Krystina Steffen, SEO Legal NewsDecember 15th, 2011The booming industry of PGD allows would-be parents to avoid passing on certain genetic traits. However, users should be wary of false results, and increased regulation may be necessary.

Surrogacy Broker in “Baby-Selling Ring” Sent to Prison by Marcy Darnovsky, Biopolitical TimesDecember 7th, 2011The first of three women who created an "inventory of babies" and sold them at high prices has been sentenced.

Do Egg Donors Lie?by Jenna Marotta, JezebelDecember 1st, 2011After being rejected as an egg donor, Jenna Marotta questions whether egg donors lie on their medical questionnaires.

Lawyer in Baby-Selling Ring Sentencedby Greg Moran, Sign On San DiegoDecember 1st, 2011The first of three women who pleaded guilty to running an international baby-selling ring was sentenced Thursday to one year in custody by a federal judge.

Body for Rentby Tatia Megeneishvili, The Financial November 21st, 2011According to doctors' data, surrogacy in Georgia [the country] has increased with the majority of surrogate mothers explaining that money is the most determining factor in their decision.

Doctors Warn of Potentially Fatal Complications in Fertility Treatments by Sharon Kirkey, Postmedia News, Vancouver SunNovember 21st, 2011Guidelines published this week by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, and the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society warn of potentially fatal risks from egg retrieval.

Surrogacy Children Caught in Legal Limboby Carl O'Brien, Irish TimesNovember 19th, 2011Children born through surrogacy to Irish couples abroad risk getting caught in legal limbo, left either stateless or unable to get an Irish passport.

Postponing Motherhood Places Too Much Faith in Reproductive Science: Experts by Sharon Kirkey, Postmedia News, Montreal GazetteNovember 17th, 2011Canadian obstetricians and gynecologists warn against placing blind faith in science.

Bay Area Local News Reports on Asian Egg Marketby Osagie Obasogie, Biopolitical TimesNovember 17th, 2011Demand is high for young Asian women willing to provide their eggs for other people’s fertility treatment.

Eggs From Young Asian Women In High DemandCBS San FranciscoNovember 14th, 2011Infertile Asian couples seeking eggs for IVF are finding few young Asian women who are willing to donate. In response, some couples are willing to pay as much as $100,000 for the perfect egg.

An IVF Groupon? by Osagie ObasogieNovember 10th, 2011Some practitioners have used Groupon for elective procedures such as cosmetic surgery and teeth whitening. But is this a model for reproductive medicine?

IVF Baby Boom: Multiple Births 'Rise 7 Per Cent in a Decade' as Birth Rate Hits 40-Year Highby Claire Bates, Daily Mail (UK)November 10th, 2011The number of women having multiple births due to IVF has risen dramatically in a decade, figures show.

All His ChildrenA sperm donor discovers his rich, unsettling legacy.by Robin Romm, The AtlanticNovember 10th, 2011Raul Walters began donating sperm in 2004, to help finance a year off before law school. Years later, he has discovered his rich, unsettling legacy.

Sex Selection Game-Changer? New Fetal Gene Test Reveals Sex at 7 Weeksby Doug Pet, Biopolitical TimesNovember 9th, 2011New non-invasive prenatal testing will enable parents to know a fetus's sex, Down's status, and possibly other traits dramatically earlier in a pregnancy.

The Abiding "Fertility Myth"by Gina Maranto, Biopolitical Times guest contributorNovember 9th, 2011Young people consistently overestimate women’s chances of conceiving naturally as they age, and IVF success rates haven't improved enough to warrant that.

Doctors Offer Fertility, Other Treatments as Contest Prizesby Bob LaMendola, Sun SentinelNovember 4th, 2011Doctors and medical businesses in South Florida and nationwide are increasingly giving patients free elective medical treatment as prizes in contests as a new way to drum up business.

Surrogate Mother Left with Huge Bill; Babies in Austriaby Corey Rose, 9 News ColorodoOctober 25th, 2011A surrogate mother who faced life-threatening complications was left with the bill, providing further information on another recent surrogacy scandal.

What price parenthood?by Jeremy Laurance, The IndependentOctober 20th, 2011UK's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority tripled the amount that women can be paid from egg donation to £750 per cycle.

Prenatal Blood Test for Down Syndrome Availableby Shari Roan, Los Angeles TimesOctober 19th, 2011Women can now choose a non-invasive method of prenatal testing for Down syndrome.

South Africa tightens rules for foreigners to make familiesSapa-AFPOctober 13th, 2011In the wake of Madonna's adoptions in nearby Malawi, and a commercial surrogacy boom in India, South Africa is laying out stricter rules for foreigners looking to make families here.

More on Cash for Eggsby Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesOctober 13th, 2011The Nuffield Council on Bioethics has issued a report about the provision of human bodily material for medicine and for research, including the issue of payment for gametes.

One Man Fathering 150 Children? Why Sperm Banks May Be UnethicalSuper-spawn stories are becoming common because sperm banks behave like corporations. by Anneli Rufus, AlternetOctober 11th, 2011Reports of sperm donors who have "fathered" over 50 to 150+ children stem from sperm banks behaving like corporations.

What’s in a Number? 150+ Offspring from One Donorby Emily Beitiks, Biopolitical TimesOctober 7th, 2011Large numbers of children born from one sperm donor raise troubling concerns, but there are bigger issues at stake that the numbers alone do not capture.

Celebrating Dorothy Roberts and Fatal Inventionby Doug Pet, Biopolitical TimesOctober 6th, 2011The Center for Genetics and Society co-sponsored two events celebrating Dorothy Roberts' new book, Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-Create Race in the Twenty-First Century.

New Details Emerge in Baby-Selling Scamby Greg Moran, Sign On San DiegoOctober 5th, 2011Three women who have pleaded guilty to conspiracy in an illegal baby-selling scheme also defrauded a state health care program and illegally distributed fertility drugs to aid the scam.

Protecting the Rights of Surrogate Mothers in Indiaby Nilanjana S. Roy, New York TimesOctober 4th, 2011Commercial surrogacy is on the rise in India, but India’s laws have not directly addressed the complexities of surrogacy to protect the rights of surrogate mothers.

Surrogate Mothers in Indiaby Fred de Sam Lazaro, PBSSeptember 30th, 2011PBS explores surrogate motherhood in India, including: the benefits for Americans, the prerequisites for being a surrogate for Indian women, and the health risks to surrogates and babies.

Celebrating Our Bodies Ourselvesby Doug Pet, Biopolitical TimesSeptember 29th, 2011A series of public events marks the 40th anniversary of Our Bodies Ourselves.

Turning 40, Going Globalby Gina Maranto, Biopolitical Times guest contributorSeptember 28th, 2011Born in Boston, Our Bodies, Ourselves has become an international force for women's rights.

Secrets of the Sperm BankWhat do we want from a donor? An expert explains the hidden dynamics of the fertility industryby Mandy Van Deven, SalonSeptember 25th, 2011Salon interviews Rene Almeling, author of Sex Cells, about the strange rhetoric of the gamete industry, which donors are most valued, and what this says about the American family.

In Vitro VeritasWith infertility treatments on the rise, it's time for some honestyby Holly Finn, Wall Street JournalSeptember 24th, 2011After almost selecting the same sperm donor as a close friend without realizing it, the author considers the need for transparency in the fertility industry, including a donor registry.

Surrogates Often Deeply Upset by the Process: Studyby Tom Blackwell, National PostSeptember 23rd, 2011Surrogacy has received relatively little scientific examination, but it turns out surrogates are often deeply upset by the process, a new Canadian case study suggests.

Debate Over Fertility Industry Treatment of Egg Donors Heats Up Conferenceby Helen Branswell, The Canadian PressSeptember 22nd, 2011A panel on egg donations and the risks to donors descended into a verbal mauling at the annual meeting of the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society on Thursday.

Embryo testing stokes concern over designer babiesby Sharon Kirkey, Postmedia News, Montreal GazetteSeptember 19th, 2011The era of designer babies may be closer than most people think, one of Canada’s leading figures in reproductive medicine is warning.

A New Openness For Donor Kids About Their Biologyby Jennifer Ludden, NPRSeptember 17th, 2011A two-part report explores issues related to children born from donor gametes.

Sperm Bank Turns Down Redheadsby Richard Orange, Telegraph [UK]September 16th, 2011Cryos, the world's largest sperm bank located in Denmark, has started turning down redheaded donors because there is too little demand for their sperm.

Sex Selection: Not only Asia’s Problem, Says Council of Europe by Doug Pet, Biopolitical TimesSeptember 15th, 2011A committee of the Council of Europe approved a draft resolution and recommendations for addressing the growing problem of sex selection in Europe.

Young Women’s Eggs: Elite and Ordinaryby Elizabeth Reis, Biopolitical Times guest contributor, Biopolitical Times guest contributorSeptember 15th, 2011There is outrageous discrepancy between what are considered “elite” and more ordinary eggs.

Sperm Donor Siblings: Family Trees, Invisible Rootsby Doug Pet, Biopolitical TimesSeptember 8th, 2011The New York Times reports that some fertility clinics use sperm from “popular” donors over and over again, in one case creating 150 related offspring.

One Sperm Donor, 150 Offspringby Jacqueline Mroz, New York TimesSeptember 5th, 2011There is growing concern among parents, donors and medical experts about potential negative consequences of having so many children fathered by the same donors.

Egg Freezing: Risks to Women and Children Unknown by Marcy Darnovsky, RH Reality CheckAugust 29th, 2011Recent media accounts of egg freezing typically acknowledge the inadequate follow-up studies of children born after the procedure. But they neglect to mention the known – though also under-studied – risks of egg retrieval for women.

Growth of egg freezing blurs 'experimental' labelby Alison Motluk, NatureAugust 23rd, 2011No one knows how successful the freezing and thawing of older eggs will be — despite the fact that most women now seeking the service are over 38.

Surrogacy and Baby-Selling: Latest Fertility Industry Scandal by Marcy Darnovsky, RH Reality CheckAugust 19th, 2011Prominent surrogacy lawyers plead guilty to setting up a baby-selling ring centered in California and the Ukraine, lying to clients and surrogates, and defrauding the state of California.

Is Hollywood turning surrogacy into a trend?by Joanne Richard, Toronto SunAugust 16th, 2011There's a baby boom in Hollywood and celebrity surrogacy is front and center. Celebrity surrogacy could in fact be a trend, says Dr. Stuart Fischoff. After all, a baby bump is not for everyone.

Sex Cells: New book by Rene Almelingby Emily Beitiks, Biopolical TimesAugust 12th, 2011A new book by sociologist Rene Almeling explores gender and emerging markets for eggs and sperm.

Surrogacy Scandal Raises Question About Regulationby Julie Watson, Associated PressAugust 11th, 2011Renowned surrogacy lawyer Theresa Erickson was working the system to become an international baby broker, running a birthing factory out of the Ukraine that duped at least a dozen American couples into paying $150,000 for children they thought were being adopted legally.

The Two-Minus-One Pregnancyby Ruth Padawer, New York TimesAugust 10th, 2011"Pregnancy reduction” for women carrying twins opens up an uncharted territory of personal choice. What is it about terminating half a twin pregnancy that seems more controversial than reducing triplets to twins or aborting a single fetus?

Regulating the "Global Baby"by Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesAugust 4th, 2011George Annas analyzes last year's Canadian Supreme Court decision about regulating assisted reproduction, and the implications for the U.S. and other countries.

Stratified Reproductionby Gina Maranto, Biopolitical Times guest contributorAugust 3rd, 2011France Winddance Twine’s new volume provides a noteworthy look at stratified reproduction and how racism, classism, and colorism permeate the international market for wombs and gametes.

"I Know It's a Girl, and I Need Your Help To Get It Out of Me."by Sunita Puri, SlateAugust 2nd, 2011Sex selection happens in the United States, too—and doctors need better guidelines for dealing with it.

The Abortion Trap[Quotes CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]by Mara Hvistendahl, Foreign PolicyJuly 26th, 2011How America's obsession with abortion hurts families everywhere.

Sperm Donor's 24 Kids Never Told About Fatal Illnessby Susan Donaldson James, ABC NewsJuly 21st, 2011Guidelines indicate that donated sperm cannot have any "relevant communicable disease or agent," but there is no limit on how many donations can be made nor is there any sharing of medical information between the donor and the child's family.

Stark warning on fertility for older womenby Martin Beckford, Telegraph [UK]July 18th, 2011An academic journal article states that “IVF cannot compensate for delays in childbearing” because of the biological effects of ageing.

Where Families Are Prized, Help Is Freeby Dina Kraft, New York TimesJuly 17th, 2011Israel provides unlimited in vitro fertilization procedures for up to two “take-home babies” until a woman is 45.

High doses of IVF drugs may cause harm to eggsby Sarah Boseley, The Guardian (UK)July 4th, 2011IVF treatment with high doses of hormones may allow eggs to develop ‘that nature would have excluded.’

Assisted Reproductive Technologies in an Inquiry-based Classroomby Gina Maranto, Biopolitical Times guest contributor, Biopolitical TimesJuly 2nd, 2011A course called "Rent-a-Wombs and Donor Eggs" uses an inquiry-based pedagogical approach.

Are Skewed Sex Ratios In America’s Future? by Osagie K. Obasogie, Biopolitical TimesJune 30th, 2011Might technological shifts turn Americans’ preference for sons into a full-blown son preference?

Americans Prefer Sons To Daughters, Survey FindsHuffington PostJune 24th, 2011If Americans could have only one child, they would prefer that it be a boy rather than a girl, by a 40% to 28% margin, with the rest having no preference or no opinion on the matter.

IVF still an all-comers affair in Nigeria[Nigeria] by Onche Odeh, Independent OnlineJune 22nd, 2011The absence of a regulatory framework for fertility treatment in Nigeria has encouraged quackery in the highly specialized field of medical technology.

Nadya Suleman doctor asks court to retain medical licenseby Rong-Gong Lin II, Los Angeles TimesJune 21st, 2011The Beverly Hills fertility doctor who helped Nadya Suleman give birth to octuplets is asking the Los Angeles County Superior Court to protect his medical license from revocation.

Israeli Feminists Weigh in on Egg Donation and Surrogacy Lawsby Emily Stehr, Biopolitical TimesJune 16th, 2011Isha L'Isha gives a voice to those not usually involved in shaping these laws -- the women affected by them.

Getting Closer to Designing Babies [MP3 audio][Interview with CGS's Marcy Darnovsky]Mothers for a Human Future Blog Talk RadioJune 15th, 2011Enola Aird of Mothers for a Human Future talks with Marcy Darnovsky about the latest developments in new human genetic and reproductive technologies and their implications for mothers and children.

Eight Babies and the End of a Doctor's Careerby Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesJune 15th, 2011Fertility specialist Dr. Michael Kamrava lost his license to practice medicine for repeated negligence involving three patients, including the mother of octuplets.

Birthday Honours: Test-tube baby pioneer knightedBBC NewsJune 10th, 2011IVF pioneer and Nobel prize winner Robert Edwards is among several leading health specialists to be knighted in this year's Queen's Birthday Honours.

The Pratten ruling: An anonymous sperm provider’s son explains why it matters by Barry Stevens, Biopolitical Times guest contributorJune 2nd, 2011Along with the majority of my fellow offspring, I believe that it is wrong to use anonymous gamete providers in assisted conception. And the most common argument against an open system - that the number of egg and sperm donors will go down - is contradicted by the evidence.

California medical board revokes license of 'Octomom' doctorby Rong-Gong Lin II and Jessica Garrison, Los Angeles Times June 2nd, 2011Dr. Michael Kamrava "did not exercise sound judgment" in implanting Nadya Suleman with 12 embryos, the medical board ruled. His handling of two other patients was also cited.

Egg Freezing Puts The Biological Clock On Holdby Jennifer Ludden, NPRMay 31st, 2011Technology is dangling the possibility that women can stop the biological clock, at least for a while.

Pregnant Vietnamese sent home[Thailand]by Suthiwit Chayutworakan, Bangkok PostMay 31st, 2011After a raid by Thai police on a criminal surrogacy operation, Thailand and Vietnam have agreed to cooperate on combating human trafficking and providing assistance to its victims.

Axing Gamete Donor Anonymity: British Columbia Ruling Reflects Growing Global Conversation by Jillian Theil, RH Reality CheckMay 26th, 2011A British Columbia judge has ruled that anonymity for gamete donors in the Canadian province is unconstitutional.

Landmark ruling ends sperm and egg donor anonymity in B.C. [Canada]by Sunny Dhillon, The Globe and MailMay 19th, 2011A British Columbia Supreme Court judge has declared unconstitutional the legislation that denied donor offspring the same rights as adoptees.

High Court judge approves commercial surrogacy[United Kingdom]BBC NewsMay 19th, 2011Citing the welfare of the child involved, the judge retrospectively approved a commercial surrogacy arrangement made by a British couple who hired a woman from the Ukraine.

Dreams of the Weekby Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesMay 18th, 2011Several recent announcements and studies appear to presage renewed interest in manipulating the biology that is thought to control longevity and especially our children's happiness and intelligence.

Pele fertility doctor 'deceived IVF parents' [Brazil]by Robin Yapp, The Telegraph (UK)May 16th, 2011A Brazilian fertility expert who helped Pele father twins is suspected of having deceived large numbers of patients into bringing up children that are not genetically theirs.

Fifteen eggs optimum for IVF success, study findsby Kate Kelland, ReutersMay 11th, 2011The findings suggest that aiming for around 15 eggs per cycle would maximize the chances of a live birth while minimizing the risk of overstimulating the ovaries.

Petition for an Egg Donor Registryby Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesMay 5th, 2011A petition being circulated by the Alliance for Humane Biotechnology calls for the creation of a well-publicized national registry to track the long-term risks of egg retrieval.

Trust-Busting in the Baby Business?by Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesMay 5th, 2011An antitrust suit against the ASRM, SART and the Pacific Fertility Center claims they are illegally conspiring to hold down payments for women's eggs.

Surrogate children have no right to German passport, court rules[Germany]The LocalApril 28th, 2011In a crucial decision on surrogate births, a court ruled this week that a child born to a surrogate mother in India has no right to a German passport despite having a German biological father.

ESHRE on Reproductive Tourism: Be Niceby Pete Shanks, Biopolitical TimesApril 26th, 2011The ESHRE "Good practice guide for cross-border reproductive care" is better on defining issues than solving problems.

The cost of fertility treatment 'tourism'[UK]BBC NewsApril 24th, 2011BBC Radio Scotland's The Investigation programme examines the increasing number of couples travelling abroad to seek infertility treatment.

Draft surrogacy act under consideration[Thailand]Bangkok PostApril 22nd, 2011Thailand's Surrogacy Act, which will clarify what had been a legal gray area, has been passed by the Cabinet and now awaits parliamentary approval.

One Step Closer to Designer BabiesNew Noninvasive Prenatal Genetic Testing Could Change Human Pregnancy Foreverby Marcy Darnovsky, Science ProgressApril 22nd, 2011A new approach to testing the genes of early-stage fetuses could radically alter the experience of pregnancy and parenting from as early as five weeks, leading to a potentially dangerous moral quandary.

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