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In a crackdown on genetic testing offered directly to consumers, the Food and Drug Administration is demanding that the Google-backed company 23andMe immediately cease marketing its main DNA service until it receives marketing clearance from the agency.

In a warning letter issued Friday and posted on the F.D.A.'s website Monday, the F.D.A. said that the company had failed to provide adequate evidence that its Personal Genome Service provided accurate results.

“F.D.A. is concerned about the public health consequences of inaccurate results from the P.G.S. device,” the agency said in its letter. “The main purpose of compliance with F.D.A.'s regulatory requirements is to ensure the tests work.”

23andMe, which is backed by Google and run by Anne Wojcicki, wife of the Google co-founder Sergey Brin, is perhaps the best known of the personal genome testing companies. Its service, which has been used by about half a million people, tells consumers whether they might be at a higher or lower risk of developing various diseases, among other things.

Whether such tests require F.D.A. approval and whether doctors must be involved in ordering...