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A rollicking gospel choir was shaking the floor of a Harlem brownstone when Vy Higginsen told the crowd around the soul food buffet to hush. The new cousin had arrived.

Ms. Higginsen, who runs a school for gospel singers in the brownstone, had organized this special family reunion to welcome to Harlem a newfound cousin she recently discovered through DNA testing.

And in walked the new cousin: a Missouri cattle rancher named Marion West, 76. It was Mr. West's first visit to New York City, and he stood out partly because of his rancher outfit: black cowboy hat, shiny boots, string tie and a jacket advertising a feed company. But he also stood out because he was a white man greeted by a roomful of black New Yorkers embracing him as a long-lost member of their family.

"Welcome to Harlem," Ms. Higginsen told Mr. West and his wife, Mack, as the crowd cheered. "Meet your DNA cousins," Ms. Higginsen yelled to her relatives.

Mr. West's ancestors owned slaves, and his grandfather fought for the Confederacy in the Civil War. But...