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Darkened image of a pregnant woman's torso, showing only a side view of her stomach. She is holding the bottom of her stomach.

Isha Devi hails from Agra, home of the Taj Mahal, built by a grieving king for a beloved queen. Isha now lives three hours and a world away from any such romantic ideals.

Renting a small dingy room, this mother of a 12- and 14-year-old has come to the outskirts of New Delhi to live close to her fertility clinic. Isha, 30, is six months pregnant with someone else's twins. Her room opens onto a noisy alleyway of families in similarly cramped quarters all sharing a single bathroom. Isha groans, shifts uncomfortably on her cot and rearranges her pink floral sari.

Isha explains, "I was helpless" and became a surrogate to expunge a family debt.

Surrogacy has been described as a thriving — and lucrative — industry in India. But no national surveys have been done to come up with an estimate of how many women are involved. And no law currently governs surrogacy in India.

That could change. The government is proposing a law that would bar couples married fewer than five years, unmarried couples, gays, singles and foreigners...